standard signals: high encourage, low discourage on suit lead by partner. normal count (high=even).

lead 4th at NT, 3rd/5th at suit contracts

(usually) lead high from 2 touching honours (J from KJ10x or J10x)

first discard italian

on initial Ace lead (in some cases, we may lead A unsupported by K), italian signal. on initial K lead, distribution (or unblock at NT contract). From AK we may choose to lead A or K.